Section 1.1: The Rise of a Civilization

While many recognize Babylon from its Biblical context, it was not the first of its kind. Nestled in West Asia at the convergence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Mesopotamia had been home to civilizations long before the gardens were conceived. The Sumerians and later the Amorite Dynasty thrived here, laying the groundwork for what would eventually become the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

The Neo-Babylonian Empire emerged around 620 BCE, heralding the rise of the Chaldean Empire. King Nebuchadnezzar II ascended to the throne shortly thereafter, revitalizing the empire through military conquests, including the sack of Jerusalem, thereby extending Babylonian influence throughout the Levant.

Not only focused on expansion, Nebuchadnezzar also directed his efforts towards domestic development. He is renowned for erecting the formidable sandstone walls surrounding Babylon and constructing the iconic blue-tiled Ishtar Gate, which welcomed visitors to the city. However, his most celebrated achievement stemmed from a personal motive; his beloved wife, Queen Amytis, longed for the lush greenery of her homeland, prompting the king to embark on the creation of the Hanging Gardens.

The first video, Oasis - Up In The Sky (Official Lyric Video), captures the ethereal beauty and longing that resonate with the story of the Hanging Gardens, perhaps reflecting Queen Amytis's sentiments.

Section 1.2: The Gardens' Design and Description

Archaeological findings have yet to clarify the construction or appearance of the Hanging Gardens. However, historical descriptions paint a vivid picture of this ancient marvel. It is said that the gardens featured a tiered structure adorned with exotic palms and vibrant flowers. Debates continue regarding whether the materials used were stone, brick, or a combination thereof.

The term "hanging" likely derives from its Greek name, translating to "overhanging." The interpretation of "hanging" is still debated; some suggest it refers to plants cascading from various tiers, while others envision flora that literally grows over walkways.

Subsection 1.2.1: Ancient Accounts and Observations

Numerous classical accounts describe the gardens, offering diverse perspectives on their grandeur. Roman historian Josephus recounted the words of Babylonian priest Berossus, stating that King Nebuchadnezzar constructed high walls supported by stone pillars, creating a "pensile paradise" filled with trees that simulated a mountainous landscape.

The ingenuity of the gardens is notable. Greek historian Strabo detailed his firsthand experience, noting the stairway leading to the upper terraces, alongside which screws facilitated the continual flow of water from the Euphrates, essential for the garden's sustenance.

Section 2.1: Theories Surrounding Their Existence

Several theories attempt to explain the enigma of the Hanging Gardens.

Theory 1: Non-Existence

One possibility is that the gardens never existed at all. This notion suggests that they might have been a fanciful creation stemming from Greek and Roman admiration for the East, making for a captivating narrative.

Theory 2: Destruction

Another theory posits that the gardens did exist but were destroyed, likely due to historical events such as earthquakes or invasions by around 100 BCE.

Theory 3: Misattributed Location

Lastly, some believe that the gardens attributed to Nebuchadnezzar II may have actually been built by King Sennacherib in Nineveh. This Assyrian king is known for constructing the lush gardens of Ashurbanipal, suggesting a possible connection between the two.